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Category Archives: Mark Twain

A Boy Repents – Sort Of

When I was a small boy, Lem Hackett was drowned – on a Sunday.  He fell out of an empty flatboat, where he was playing.  Being loaded with sin, he went to the bottom like an anvil.  He was the only boy in the village who slept that night.  We others all lay awake, repenting.  We had not needed the information, delivered from the pulpit that evening, that Lem’s case was a case of special judgment – we knew that, already. 

There was a ferocious thunderstorm that night, and it raged continuously until near dawn.  The wind blew, the windows rattled, the rain swept along the roof in pelting sheets and, at the briefest intervals, the inky blackness of the night vanished, the houses over the way glared out white and blinding for a quivering instant, then the solid darkness shut down again and a splitting peal of thunder followed, which seemed to rend everything in the neighborhood to shreds and splinters.

I sat up in bed quaking and shuddering, waiting for the destruction of the world, and expecting it.  To me, there was nothing strange or incongruous in Heaven’s making such an uproar about Lem Hackett.  Apparently, it was the right and proper thing to do.  Not a doubt entered my mind that all the angels were grouped together, discussing this boy’s case and observing the awful bombardment of our beggarly little village with satisfaction and approval. 

There was one thing which disturbed me in the most serious way: that was the thought that this centering of the celestial interest on our village could not fail to attract the attention of the observers to people among us who might, otherwise, have escaped notice for years.  I felt that I was not only one of those people, but the very one most likely to be discovered.  That discovery could have but one result: I should be in the fire with Lem before the chill of the river had been fairly warmed out of him.  I knew that this would be only just and fair.  I was increasing the chances against myself all the time by feeling a secret bitterness against Lem for having attracted this fatal attention to me, but I could not help it – this sinful thought persisted in infesting my breast in spite of me.  Every time the lightning glared, I caught my breath, and judged I was gone.  In my terror and misery, I meanly began to suggest other boys, and mention acts of theirs which were wickeder than mine, and peculiarly needed punishment – and I tried to pretend to myself that I was simply doing this in a casual way and without intent to divert the heavenly attention to them for the purpose of getting rid of it myself.

With deep sagacity, I put these mentions in the form of sorrowing recollections and left-handed sham-supplications that the sins of those boys might be allowed to pass unnoticed – “Possibly, they may repent.”  “It is true that Jim Smith broke a window and lied about it – but maybe he did not mean any harm.  And, although Tom Holmes says more bad words than any other boy in the village, he probably intends to repent – though he has never said he would.  And, while it is a fact that John Jones did fish a little on Sunday, once, he didn’t really catch anything but only just one small useless mudcat; and maybe that wouldn’t have been so awful if he had thrown it back – as he says he did, but he didn’t.  Pity but they would repent of these dreadful things – and maybe they will yet.”

But, while I was shamefully trying to draw attention to these poor chaps – who were, doubtless, directing the celestial attention to me at the same moment, though I never once suspected that – I had heedlessly left my candle burning.  It was not a time to neglect even trifling precautions.  There was no occasion to add anything to the facilities for attracting notice to me – so I put the light out.

It was a long night to me, and perhaps the most distressful one I ever spent.  I endured agonies of remorse for sins which I knew I had committed, yet was sure that they had been set down against me in a book by an angel who was wiser than I and did not trust such important matters to memory.  It struck me, by and by, that I had been making a most foolish and calamitous mistake, in one respect; doubtless, I had not only made my own destruction sure by directing attention to those other boys, but had already accomplished theirs!  Doubtless, the lightning had stretched them all dead in their beds by this time!  The anguish and the fright which this thought gave me made my previous sufferings seem trifling by comparison.

Things had become truly serious.  I resolved to turn over a new leaf instantly; I also resolved to connect myself with the church the next day, if I survived to see its sun appear.  I resolved to cease from sin in all its forms, and to lead a high and blameless life forever after.  I would be punctual at church and Sunday-school; visit the sick; carry baskets of victuals to the poor (simply to fulfil the regulation conditions, although I knew we had none among us so poor but that they would smash the basket over my head for my pains); I would instruct other boys in the right ways, and take the resulting trouncings meekly; I would subsist entirely on tracts; I would invade the rum shop and warn the drunkard – and finally, if I escaped the fate of those who early become too good to live, I would go for a missionary.

The storm subsided toward daybreak, and I dozed gradually to sleep with a sense of obligation to Lem Hackett for going to eternal suffering in that abrupt way, and thus preventing a far more dreadful disaster – my own loss.

But, when I rose refreshed, by and by, and found that those other boys were still alive, I had a dim sense that, perhaps, the whole thing was a false alarm; that the entire turmoil had been on Lem’s account and nobody else’s.  The world looked so bright and safe that there did not seem to be any real occasion to turn over a new leaf.  I was a little subdued during that day, and perhaps the next; after that, my purpose of reforming slowly dropped out of my mind, and I had a peaceful, comfortable time again, until the next storm.

From: Life on the Mississippi (1883) by Mark Twain (1835-1910).

The context of this passage is Clemens’s return visit to the Mississipi River area, in 1882, in preparation for writing this book.  The incident recounted here is connected with revisiting his boyhood home of Hannibal, Missouri.  Clemens was a convinced unbeliever as an adult – in fact, he scorned biblical Christianity – but this passage not only demonstrates a sharply-observed knowledge of how young boys think, but it also demonstrates that he was well aware of what the gospel was and of the basic tenets of Christianity – even as he exaggerates them for comic effect in this passage.

 
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Posted by on July 31, 2009 in Mark Twain

 

Fun With Numbers

One Monday, near the time of our visit to St. Louis, the Globe-Democrat came out with a couple of pages of Sunday statistics, whereby it appeared that 119,448 St. Louis people attended the morning and evening church services the day before, and 23,550 persons, out of the city’s total of 400,000 population, respected the day religiouswise.  I found these statistics, in a condensed form, in a telegram of the Associated Press, and preserved them.  They made it apparent that St. Louis was in a higher state of grace than she could have claimed to be in my time.  But, now that I canvass the figures narrowly, I suspect that the telegraph mutilated them.  It cannot be that there are more than 150,000 Catholics in the town; the other 250,000 must be classified as Protestants.  Out of these 250,000, according to this questionable telegram, only 26,362 attended church and Sunday-school while, out of the 150,000 Catholics, 116,188 went to church and Sunday-school.

From: Life on the Mississippi by Mark Twain (1883).

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910) was, of course, one of America’s greatest writers.  His novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) is considered to be Twain’s masterpiece and the great American novel.  From 1857-1861, Clemens worked as a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi River, and this book recounts those days and his return trip to the river, and its environs, in 1882.

 
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Posted by on July 30, 2009 in Mark Twain

 

Mark Twain Meets Henry Ward Beecher

Another booming nineteenth-century industry also caught his attention.  He went to Brooklyn Heights’ Plymouth Congregational Church, home of America’s most famous Protestant clergyman, Henry Ward Beecher, whose brilliance was helping to adapt American Puritanism to nineteenth-century middle-class needs.  The son of a well-known clerical father among whose prominent children was Henry’s half-sister, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Beecher exemplified, to American Protestants, the high level of leadership God had provided as a sign that He was on their side.  Beecher’s Sunday sermons were the hottest ticket in town.  A post-Civil War religious revival, led by Beecher and a national cadre determined to bring America back to the straight and narrow, eager to wipe out private and public sins, particularly alcoholism, felt it had a winning hand.  Beecher believed that Puritan righteousness and Victorian materialism could be reconciled.  Congregational Calvinism promised much to those who would follow its version of Christ, to those who would accept church discipline and religious direction.  Abolitionist, idealistic and, at the same time, practical, the Plymouth congregation had come out of the war strengthened and even more intent on playing a major role in American life.  Henry Ward Beecher would lead the way and, every Sunday, he was on show.

Promised a seat by a prominent congregant, who had advised him to come early, Twain also had a letter of introduction from one of his San Francisco clerical friends.  Arriving at ten A.M., “earlier than any Christian ought to be out of his bed on such a morning,” he found the street lined with people eager to get in.  When he presented his reservation number, he was chastised for his lateness by a haughty usher who directed him to the upstairs galleries.  That’s where he remained, “the last individual,” he was sure, “to get a seat in Mr. Beecher’s church that day…Every pew, above & below, was filled with elegantly-dressed people, & the aisles and odd spaces in both places occupied with stools like mine.”  The choir sang beautifully.  Beecher got up and began to preach “one of the liveliest & most sensible sermons” he had ever heard.  His voice was rich and resonant.  “His discourse sparkled with felicitious similes & metaphors.”  Sometimes, he walked away from his notes, “sawing his arms in the air, hurling sarcasms this way & that, discharging rockets of poetry, exploding mines of eloquence.”  He knew how to make the congregation hang expectant on his every word, to be so silent that Twain had the desire to startle them with a single clap of the hand.  He even knew how to make his audience laugh as he tore satirically into the corruption of American political life.  Twain marveled not only at the performance but at how “remarkably handsome” Beecher was “when he is in the full tide of sermonizing, & his face is lit up with animation.”  He was, though, “as homely as a singed cat” when he wasn’t speaking.  It was a performance of the sort that epitomized his own longstanding fantasy of Samuel Clemens, the powerful preacher, holding an audience in the palm of his hands.

From: The Singular Mark Twain: A Biography by Fred Kaplan (New York: Doubleday, 2003), pp. 174-176.

Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910), “Mark Twain,” is still the most famous writer the United States has yet produced.

Henry Ward Beecher (1813-1887) was one of the most famous American preachers of his day.  A Congregationalist minister, he was not a theological conservative, but was, rather, a powerful preacher who specialized in Americanizing Christianity by making it (in his view) understandable to average Americans.

 
 

A Famous Man Who Did Not Die in Christ

In one of our walks about Hartford, when he was in the first flush of his agnosticism, he declared that Christianity had done nothing to improve morals and conditions, and that the world under the highest pagan civilization was as well off as it was under the highest Christian influences.  I happened to be fresh from the reading of Charles Loring Brace’s Gesta Christi, or, History of Humane Progress, and I could offer him abundant proofs that he was wrong.  He did not like that, evidently, but he instantly gave way, saying he had not known those things.

Later, he was more tolerant in his denials of Christianity but, just then, he was feeling his freedom from it, and rejoicing in having broken what he felt to have been the shackles of belief worn so long.  He greatly admired Robert Ingersoll, whom he called an angelic orator, and regarded as an evangel of a new gospel – the gospel of free thought.  He took the warmest interest in the newspaper controversy raging at the time as to the existence of a hell.  When the noes carried the day, I suppose that no enemy of perdition was more pleased.  He still loved his old friend and pastor, Mr. [Joseph H.] Twichell, but he no longer went to hear him preach his sane and beautiful sermons and was, I think, thereby the greater loser.

Long before that, I had asked him if he went regularly to church, and he groaned out: “Oh, yes, I go.  It ‘most kills me, but I go,” and I did not need his telling me to understand that he went because his wife wished it.  He did tell me, after they both ceased to go, that it had finally come to her saying, “Well, if you are to be lost, I want to be lost with you.”  He could accept that willingness for supreme sacrifice and exult in it because of the supreme truth as he saw it.  After they had both ceased to be formal Christians, she was still grieved by his denial of immortality, so grieved that he resolved upon one of those heroic lies which, for love’s sake, he held above even the truth, and he went to her, saying that he had been thinking the whole matter over, and now he was convinced that the soul did live after death.  It was too late.  Her keen vision pierced through his ruse…

…I should say that he never went back to anything like faith in the Christian theology, or in the notion of life after death, or in a conscious divinity.  It is best to be honest in this matter; he would have hated anything else…All his expressions to me were of a courageous renunciation of any hope of living again, or elsewhere seeing those he had lost…

From: My Mark Twain by W. D. Howells (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1910), pp. 31-32.

William Dean Howells (1837-1920), the American man of letters, was one of Mark Twain’s closest friends for 41 years, until Twain’s death on April 21, 1910, at the age of 74.

 
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Posted by on February 3, 2009 in Mark Twain, William Dean Howells

 
 
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